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Polarization of Wealth, Saving and Terminable Currency
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
88-97
Received:
23 June 2019
Accepted:
12 July 2019
Published:
30 July 2019
Abstract: Extreme polarization of wealth, a prominent issue occurring in the long human history characterized by the rule of emperor, remains a serious problem in a very few nations. The modern times have seen how the worsening rich-poor divide led to the breaking out of the two world wars and a series of social problems. In some sense, rich-poor divide results in the deterioration of human nature, and is the source of all kinds of social problems. This study provides a definition of polarization of wealth, conducts an analysis of how people’s continuous saving behavior contributes to the increase in income disparity, and suggests that currency, as a universal equivalent, should be given a certain time limit, so as to ensure a check on people’s constant saving conduct, prevent the limitless amassing of wealth and help solve the issue of wealth polarization.
Abstract: Extreme polarization of wealth, a prominent issue occurring in the long human history characterized by the rule of emperor, remains a serious problem in a very few nations. The modern times have seen how the worsening rich-poor divide led to the breaking out of the two world wars and a series of social problems. In some sense, rich-poor divide resu...
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Analysis of the Financial Profitability of Cashew Farms in Côte d’Ivoire: Case of the Gbêkê, Hambol, Poro and Worodougou Regions
Noufou Coulibaly,
Kone Siaka,
Yapi Yapo Magloire,
Toure Sally
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
98-105
Received:
17 June 2019
Accepted:
18 July 2019
Published:
10 August 2019
Abstract: Low yields from cashew farms and producers’ low income led the coaching organisation represented by the Cotton and Cashew Board to question the impact of the implementation of good agricultural practices (GAPs) on yields and income. The objective of this work was to study the financial profitability of cashew production in some areas in Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this goal, we analyzed GAPs using the scores method and assessed the financial profitability of farms using the budgeting method. The study took place in the GBEKE, HAMBOL, PORO and WORODOUGOU regions of Côte d'Ivoire, and the surveys were aimed at a total sample of 160 cashew farmers. The analysis of GAPs has shown that they are implemented at 54.7%. Also, their implementation has a positive impact on cashew yields because producers who strongly implement GAPs have the highest yields (716 kg/ha). The financial profitability has revealed that the average income was 157,529 CFA F/ha; the average cost of production was 165 CFAF/kg; and for 100 CFA F invested, the business generates 313 CFAF. Similarly, the implementation of GAPs also has a positive impact on income, because producers who strongly implement GAPs have the highest incomes, however they are the least financially profitable compared to those who implement GAPs less, because of the very high costs. Our results reflect the competing objectives of the coaching organisation that pursues farm capitalization, and of a destitute farm manager or producer who wants to maximize his profit. Productivity is a simple-looking indicator that measures the relationship between production and the factors required to achieve it. This is the primary indicator of the farmer's or farm manager's dashboard. For a destitute producer, local agricultural productivity is one of the drivers of economic growth; and the analysis of agricultural performance helps identify priorities to be defined in terms of agricultural strategies, accompanying measures, and support required. This leads them to be more rational in the use of production factors. In the light of the above, we recommend that the coaching organisations should, from this study, identify the main characteristics of cashew farms, in order to develop a base of financially profitable farms, with a view to guiding their support for cashew farmers.
Abstract: Low yields from cashew farms and producers’ low income led the coaching organisation represented by the Cotton and Cashew Board to question the impact of the implementation of good agricultural practices (GAPs) on yields and income. The objective of this work was to study the financial profitability of cashew production in some areas in Côte d'Ivoi...
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Evaluation of the Impact of Various Doha Round Conclusion Scenarios at the WTO Agricultural Negotiation
Kone Siaka,
Noufou Coulibaly,
Yapi Yapo Magloire,
Djina Djolo Jean Marc Junior
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
106-113
Received:
28 July 2019
Accepted:
29 August 2019
Published:
19 September 2019
Abstract: This paper evaluates the impacts of various scenarios proposed in the context of the WTO Doha Round agricultural negotiations and a new scenario that considers differential treatment for developing countries. The objective of this paper is to contribute to find the desired consensus among WTO members to facilitate trade and avoid trade wars. We used the Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model (ATPSM) to measure impacts and use the ADAMS model to measure the equity of the various scenarios. We considered seven negotiating scenarios (1) Uruguay Round Agreement, (2) C4 country proposal, (3) EU proposal, (4) USA proposal, (6) our proposal and (7) full liberalization of trade. The results showed that our proposal increases the cotton producers’ price by 10.8%, better than the C4 countries proposal (9.0%) and USA proposals (6.1%). Our proposal for agricultural agreements increases the world price (8.1%), the consumer’s price (7.4%) and the volume of exports (2.3%), certainly to a lesser degree than that of the C4 countries proposal but more than the USA proposal. In terms of the equity criterion, it is as favorable as the other scenarios compared to the status quo of the Uruguay Round. Our proposal presents the elements for a compromise to conclude the Doha Round, with benefits for developing countries and the introduction of a new mechanism of international solidarity.
Abstract: This paper evaluates the impacts of various scenarios proposed in the context of the WTO Doha Round agricultural negotiations and a new scenario that considers differential treatment for developing countries. The objective of this paper is to contribute to find the desired consensus among WTO members to facilitate trade and avoid trade wars. We use...
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The Trends of the Average Propensities to Consume and Urban-rural Consumption Inequality in China
Chen Zongsheng,
Wu Zhiqiang
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
114-127
Received:
4 December 2018
Accepted:
6 September 2019
Published:
24 September 2019
Abstract: As the average propensities to consume between urban and rural residents are different, the consumption inequality and the income inequality inverted-U curves are different in the process of urbanization (economic development). It shows urban-rural consumption inequality passes the turning point of the inverted-U curve during 2000 and 2002, which is about 4-6 years ahead of the urban-rural income inequality inverted-U curve. The urbanization rate (economic development level) of urban-rural consumption inequality is lower than that of urban-rural income inequality at their turning points, while the urban-rural consumption equality at its turning point is larger than the urban-rural income equality at its turning point. This paper argues that, on the premise that the urban-rural income inequality is certain, it can improve the actual welfare of residents by reducing the urban-rural consumption equality. The feasible measures may be increasing the residents’ (especially rural residents’) average propensity to consume.
Abstract: As the average propensities to consume between urban and rural residents are different, the consumption inequality and the income inequality inverted-U curves are different in the process of urbanization (economic development). It shows urban-rural consumption inequality passes the turning point of the inverted-U curve during 2000 and 2002, which i...
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