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Positive Influence of Regulated Human Capital Accumulation on Economic Growth: A Theoretical Model
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-8
Received:
31 December 2021
Accepted:
12 January 2022
Published:
25 January 2022
Abstract: Human capital, as an important factor of production, directly promotes economic growth. On the other hand, it indirectly promotes economic growth by stimulating the accumulation of physical capital and improving the level of technological innovation. Therefore, human capital is the fundamental reason for economic growth. The key to make human capital play a long-term role is to correctly set the human capital accumulation equation. Different from the existing articles that set human capital accumulation equation from the perspective of human capital investment and physical capital investment, this paper focuses on the marginal output of physical capital. Based on the marginal output of physical capital, this paper makes human capital accumulation subject to a regulation that can completely offset the diminishing effect of physical capital marginal output and keep it at a reasonable level. This way of human capital accumulation is called “regulated” accumulation. The derivation of theoretical model proves that the regulated human capital accumulation, which is based on constant marginal output of physical capital, enables the growth rate of output to be constant and positive. Therefore, this paper finds the source of long-term economic growth from aspect of human capital. As the embodiment of a country’s comprehensive strength and core competitiveness, human capital has important strategic significance and great potential in China’s sustainable economic development. Regulated human capital accumulation can provide a new driving force for China’s economic growth and promote long-term development.
Abstract: Human capital, as an important factor of production, directly promotes economic growth. On the other hand, it indirectly promotes economic growth by stimulating the accumulation of physical capital and improving the level of technological innovation. Therefore, human capital is the fundamental reason for economic growth. The key to make human capit...
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Goat Husbandry: An Opportunity to Strengthen Rural Economy in Devipatan Region (Trans-Ghaghara) of Uttar Pradesh
Nizamuddin Khan,
Ashish Kumar Parashari
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
9-17
Received:
11 December 2021
Accepted:
28 January 2022
Published:
9 February 2022
Abstract: Agriculture is the main economic activity in India which mostly practiced in association with livestock husbandry. Goat is one the most important species of livestock which reared by the poor and socio-economically backward section of rural population. Great market demand for livestock product, diversification of agriculture, rising unemployment level, nutritional requirements, lack of capital to purchase the big ruminants and lack of labour to rear the big animal have fuelled the growth of goat rearing in India. Present study has been under taken to understand the distribution of goat population in time and space, their density and share in total livestock and explore the causes of growth of goat husbandry, in the form of milk and meat production, employment and income generation. The role of goat rearing in rural socio economic transformation has been also explored for development of strategy for alleviation of rural poverty and women economic empowerment in the study area. Devipatan region in Eastern Uttar Pradesh has been selected as the study area to conduct the study. The study has revealed that goat has increased by 21.74 percent in the study area. It also revealed that 20.69 percent Hindu and 78.16 percent are Muslims are rearing goat. The caste-wise involvement shows that there are 20.00 percent Schedule caste, 71.92 other backward castes and 7.69 High caste goat farmers. The cost –income analysis showed positive performance with income over total production cost at least Rs.11854.00 per female goat per annum which varies with stock size up to Rs.14000.00 for big stock size (more than 12 female adult goat). Moreover, nutrition intake is also improved through consumption of milk produced and indirectly helps in saving expenditure for purchasing milk from outside. 71.79 percent responded in positive for improvement in nutrition intake. Economic women empowerment through this occupation is also enhanced as believed by 83 percent of respondents.
Abstract: Agriculture is the main economic activity in India which mostly practiced in association with livestock husbandry. Goat is one the most important species of livestock which reared by the poor and socio-economically backward section of rural population. Great market demand for livestock product, diversification of agriculture, rising unemployment le...
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Effects of COVID-19 on Local Small Businesses and Resiliency Options in South Wollo and Oromia Administration Zone, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
18-30
Received:
5 October 2021
Accepted:
27 January 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: Unemployment is rising in Africa due to inefficient economic performance; rural –urban migration as well as the speeding up poverty. Ethiopia is not exceptional in facing by such daunting unemployment and poverty and its resultant effect at both the rural and urban areas. Government envisaged and implemented national economic policies and programs, for instance, micro and small enterprise and technical and vocational training programs that boost local and small business growth in the urban areas. Micro and small enterprise particularly local and small business activities created vast job opportunities in cities in Amhara regional state, specific to South Wollo and Oromiya administration Zone, Ethiopia. However, local and small business were in fact triggered and faced by adverse factors, COVID-19 was prevalently affecting their monthly sale, saving, expenditure and overall activities. Along with this, this study pinpointed the effect of COVID-19 on the local and small businesses activities in Kemissie, Dessie, Kombolecha and Haik. In pursuit of it, this study employed a descriptive type of research design using cross sectional surveyed data. In pursuit of this, binary logistic regression model and stata software 14 version was used to determine significant effect of COVID-19 on local and small business. Along with this, this study, identified that COVID-19 was influenced the local and small business owner’s income; saving and expenditure. Moreover, lack of loan without collateral and working area were significantly affecting local and small business activities besides to the COVID-19 lockdown. This, study, therefore, suggest to whom it may concern to subsidies and deliver loan without collateral; entrepreneurial and client handling training, working areas for local and small business that will have help of resilienting from the effect of COVID-19 pandemic and the rising inflation effect in the study area and at large in Amhara region, Ethiopia.
Abstract: Unemployment is rising in Africa due to inefficient economic performance; rural –urban migration as well as the speeding up poverty. Ethiopia is not exceptional in facing by such daunting unemployment and poverty and its resultant effect at both the rural and urban areas. Government envisaged and implemented national economic policies and programs,...
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Determinants of Commercilization of Smallholder Red Pepper Farmers in Javiethenan District, Amahara Region, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
31-38
Received:
14 January 2022
Accepted:
5 February 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: The history of red pepper in Ethiopia is perhaps the most ancient than the history of any other vegetable product and it has been cultivated in many parts of the country. It is obvious that, commercialization is long run process that farming shifts from subsistence (non commercial) to semi-commercial farming, and then to fully commercialized agriculture. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of commercialization of small holder red pepper farmers Javiethenan district, Ethiopia in 2012 E.C. Particularly, the study investigates the level of commercialization of red pepper production, and factors that affect household participation in the red pepper output market. Two stage sampling technique was applied to select sample kebeles and 214 respondents from five Kebles of the woreda household were selected based on proportionate random sampling technique The descriptive analysis revealed the level of commercialization in the study area on average semi commercial one. Censured Tobit regression was applied to analyze the factors that affect market participation of households’ in red pepper output market. The result revealed that from the total 12 explanatory variables, four variables were statistically significant. Of which, land size (land allocated for red pepper production), market information, extension service and previous year market price of red pepper were positively related with household market participation or quantity of red pepper sold. Thus, emphasis and intervention should be given for households to increase market participation and improve levels of commercialization.
Abstract: The history of red pepper in Ethiopia is perhaps the most ancient than the history of any other vegetable product and it has been cultivated in many parts of the country. It is obvious that, commercialization is long run process that farming shifts from subsistence (non commercial) to semi-commercial farming, and then to fully commercialized agricu...
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Review on Determinants of Urban Housing Choice in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
39-42
Received:
16 December 2021
Accepted:
10 February 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: Shelter is one of the main desires of mankind and it is by far very important for the physical survival of man. The adequacy and excellence of housing is a testament to productivity, happiness and satisfaction. However, urban housing choice is the most serious and persistent problem in urban areas of the developing country, a need, which the government has found difficult to meet. Correspondingly, urban housing problem is the most critical issues in Ethiopia. It is very difficult to build a house of your own or buy or even rent one, especially the government employees and the low-income groups. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of urban housing choice in the town of Debre Berhan, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. This study shows that age of household head, sex of the household head, educational level, income of the head, the price of the housing, years of residence and access to credit were the significant determinants of urban housing choice in Debre Berhan town, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. The paper recommends future studies focusing on assessment of affordability and challenges of urban housing development in Debre Berhan town. Reduce housing problem and increase the ability to provide quality and quantity housing at low prices.
Abstract: Shelter is one of the main desires of mankind and it is by far very important for the physical survival of man. The adequacy and excellence of housing is a testament to productivity, happiness and satisfaction. However, urban housing choice is the most serious and persistent problem in urban areas of the developing country, a need, which the govern...
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Cellular Automata in the Economy: Application to the Behavior Theory of the Consumers
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
43-48
Received:
20 January 2022
Accepted:
16 February 2022
Published:
25 February 2022
Abstract: The application of cellular automata is a technique of modelling complex systems with broad uses into the economy, especially into the approach of game theory. In this research the author pretends to use a model of cellular automata related to a probabilistic model to estimate the entropy in an economical system with the objective of analyze satisfaction or non-satisfaction in the behavior of consumers, and understand how cellular automata allow visualize the dynamical of consumption. The method used in this research was based in the idea to describe the dynamics of consumption considering a cellular automata 2D which represents prices versus goods, and the dynamics of it shows how consumption behaves. For that purpose a Schelling´s model was used including a model of interchange game and Gibbs distribution to understand the trends of entropy of the economic system. There were analyzed four possibilities in the evolution of the system regarding previously the entropy into the evolution of the system. The results reflect preliminary data to regard improvements in the model as a preliminary model in order to consider it as an application of the Econophysics to studies of theory of consume through the utilization of cellular automata class four.
Abstract: The application of cellular automata is a technique of modelling complex systems with broad uses into the economy, especially into the approach of game theory. In this research the author pretends to use a model of cellular automata related to a probabilistic model to estimate the entropy in an economical system with the objective of analyze satisf...
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An Econometric Approach to Assess the Impact of Negative Interest Rate Policy (NIRP) on Real Estate Price Inflation in the Eurozone
Bassam Hamdar,
Yaman Skheita,
Mohammad Bassam Hamdar
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
49-68
Received:
2 February 2022
Accepted:
25 February 2022
Published:
9 March 2022
Abstract: Contemporary economists argue that negative interest rate as an unconventional monetary policy helps stimulate economic growth. The European Central Bank (ECB) entered Negative Interest Rate Policy (NIRP) territory in June 2014, when it lowered its deposit rates to below zero levels, making it the first major central bank to adopt such policy. In contrast, NIRP can have negative effects on certain economic sectors, such as the property and housing. This paper highlights the effects of negative policy rates on the real estate price inflation inside the Eurozone. The relationship between house price index, negative policy rates, government deficit, unemployment rate, and nominal unit labor cost is addressed and analyzed. Two main hypotheses were adopted i.e., to determine the direct relationship between the Deposit Interest Rate and the House Price Index, and the indirect relationship between the Deposit Interest Rate and the House Price. Furthermore, an econometric model is utilized to sort out the impact of NIRP on the real-estate price inflation in the Eurozone. The outcome of the model shows a strong relationship between negative policy rates and house price index, with government deficit, unemployment rate, and nominal unit labor cost acting as confounding variables.
Abstract: Contemporary economists argue that negative interest rate as an unconventional monetary policy helps stimulate economic growth. The European Central Bank (ECB) entered Negative Interest Rate Policy (NIRP) territory in June 2014, when it lowered its deposit rates to below zero levels, making it the first major central bank to adopt such policy. In c...
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